Consumption of Dairy Products and the Risk of Overweight or Obesity, Hypertension, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Cohort Studies.

Feng Y, et al. · 2022

PubMed 36047956 ↗DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac096Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)

🌱 La lettura di LEO

🛡️ Lavora su: Protezione d'organo · lente Traiettoria · il corpo nel tempo

Meta-analisi (certezza moderata)

La domanda

Il consumo di latticini e associato, con una relazione dose-risposta, al rischio di sovrappeso/obesita, ipertensione e diabete tipo 2?

Cosa hanno trovato

Meta-analisi dose-risposta di studi di coorte: 42 articoli inclusi (su 9887 screenati), stime come RR sommari con IC 95%. Sovrappeso/obesita (associazione lineare): rischio -25% per latticini totali, -7% per latticini interi (high-fat) e -12% per latte per ogni +200 g/die; -13% per yogurt per ogni +50 g/die. Ipertensione (non lineare per totale): inversa significativa per latticini a basso contenuto di grassi (RR 0.94; IC 95% 0.90-0.98) e latte (RR 0.94; IC 95% 0.92-0.97) per +200 g/die. Diabete tipo 2 (non lineare, salvo latte e low-fat): latticini totali -3% per +200 g/die e yogurt -7% per +50 g/die. Nessun valore p o giudizio GRADE riportato nell'abstract.

Cosa significa per te

Dati OSSERVAZIONALI (coorti): associazione, non causa. Per il diabete tipo 2 (non autoimmune) il segnale protettivo piu netto e per lo yogurt (-7% per +50 g/die); lo yogurt appare favorevole anche sul peso, mentre il latte lo e su peso e pressione (per l'ipertensione l'abstract indica latte e latticini magri, non lo yogurt). Non riguarda il tipo 1 (autoimmune). Utile come conferma che i latticini, e in particolare i fermentati, non sono da temere nel quadro cardiometabolico.

Abstract (in lingua originale)

Dairy products have been suggested to be related to the prevention of overweight or obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These associations are currently controversial, however, and a systematic quantitative meta-analysis is lacking. In this study, we examined the associations between dairy products and the risk of overweight or obesity, hypertension, and T2DM and tested for dose-response relations. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to April 2021. Cohort studies were included if dairy food consumption was reported at a minimum of 3 levels or as continuous variables, and the associations were assessed with overweight or obesity, hypertension, and T2DM. Summary RRs and 95% CIs were estimated for the dose-response association. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the linear or nonlinear relations. Among the 9887 articles retrieved, 42 articles were included. For overweight or obesity, a linear association was observed for total dairy, milk, and yogurt. The risk decreased by 25%, 7%, and 12% per 200-g/d increase for total dairy, high-fat dairy, and milk, respectively, and by 13% per 50-g/d increment of yogurt. For hypertension, a nonlinear association was observed with total dairy, whereas significant inverse associations were found for low-fat dairy (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.98) and milk (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.97) per 200-g/d intake increase. For T2DM, all types of dairy food consumption except for milk and low-fat dairy products showed nonlinear associations, with total dairy and yogurt intake associated with 3% and 7% lower risk per 200-g/d and 50-g/d intake increase, respectively. In conclusion, our study suggests that total dairy is associated with a low risk of overweight or obesity, hypertension, and T2DM, especially milk and yogurt for overweight or obesity, low-fat dairy and milk for hypertension, and yogurt for T2DM.

💬 Chiedi a LEO di spiegartelo

Come leggerlo: è uno studio scientifico peer-reviewed. Le evidenze aiutano a capire i trend, ma un singolo studio non è una prescrizione: parlane col tuo diabetologo prima di cambiare dieta o terapia.